The locking technique uses a lock that guarantees the exclusive use of data of transactions. The lock is used to restrict different transaction which is executing at the same time. 2-phase locking technique It is the same as the Locking technique explained above but it has two phases to act which are: Growing phase: It is … Read more
The locking technique uses a lock that guarantees the exclusive use of data of transactions. The lock is used to restrict different transaction which is executing at the same time. There are 3 phases of Locking technique Taking the lock control and accessing the data of the transaction Complete the transaction execution Release lock There … Read more
The concurrency control technique is a process of managing the simultaneous execution of transactions in a shared database. However, when the concurrent transaction techniques are executed in an uncontrolled manner then it leads to several problems. The five leading problems that occur due to uncontrolled execution of concurrent transactions are 1. Lost Update Problem 2. … Read more
Lost update and dirty read problem both are issues that appear due to uncontrolled execution of the concurrent transaction. Lost Update Problem A lost update problem appears when at least two transactions access the same transaction data and performs their operation. As we know, the data of transaction if the first read by the system … Read more
Concurrency control is a method of managing multiple transactions or operations that are running simultaneously. It occurs in the multiuser system, where more than one user executes some transaction at the same time. Executing any transaction simultaneously will lead to inefficient system performance, very high waiting time and response time, and decrease resource utilization without … Read more
Atomicity It states that a transaction must be treated as a single atomic unit i.e. Either transaction executed successfully or completely failed. It should not stuck in between or execute partially. The states of the transaction should be defined before execution or after the execution or failure or abortion of the transaction. For example: Suppose … Read more
A transaction is a set of operations used to perform a logical unit of work. It also refers to the change in the database. The transaction is executed as a single unit and should be atomic, consistent, isolated, and durable. This ACID property of transaction maintains the integrity of the data during the execution of … Read more
The main difference between the single-user and multi-user system are single-user system supports a maximum of one user to access the database but multi-user system supports a minimum of 2 users to access the database simultaneously. Below we have written various comparison for your better understanding. Single-user database system Multi-user database system It supports a … Read more
The concurrency control technique is a process of managing the simultaneous execution of transactions in a shared database. It preserves the database consistency, enforces the isolation of different transactions, and resolves the conflicts which occur due to the read-write operation of transactions. The various concurrency control techniques are Locking based protocol Timestamp based protocol Optimistic … Read more
Ans: Before the database management system, we should know about the data and the database. There are two very confusing terms. Difference between data and information is as follows: Data: Data is the raw and isolated facts about an entity or record. For example text, audio, image, map, etc. Information: Information is processed, meaningful and … Read more