OSI reference model TCP/IP model OSI stands for Open system interconnection, and it is developed by the international standard organization (ISO). TCP/IP stands for Transmission control protocol/ internet protocol, and it is developed by the Department of defence (DOD). OSI is a general protocol self-reliant model. It behaves as a connection gateway between … Read more
Topology means the arrangement of the network in that way, all the constituents are interconnected to each other. In other words, the arrangement of nodes connected in a network by some physical medium such as optical fiber and cable. Network topology permits you to understand the dissimilar components of your network and the network’s connection. … Read more
(a) Error detection and correction: Data link layer performs the error detection and correction. The data link layer allows practical means to transmit data between the network and detect and correct the errors that may appear in the physical layer. (b) Routing: The network layer performs routing the data through the better physical path. (c) … Read more
There are four layer in TCP/IP Protocol 1. Application Layer The application layer is the topmost layer of the TCP/IP protocol. It also performs the role of the session layer and presentation layer in TCP/IP model. This layer allows people to use the network services and establish network-based applications. The protocols of this layer are … Read more
The various layers of the OSI model are explained Below 1. Application layer The application layer is the uppermost layer of the OSI model. The application layer is used by network applications like computer applications like chrome, firefox, outlook, skype etc. This layer involves various protocols like HTTP, SMTP, HTTPs and FTP. That protocol allows … Read more
There are different uses of computer networks, and some uses are mentioned below: Communication The most generally used network is e-mail (electronic mail), a very smart way to communicate one person to another. These days, cellular networks make it workable to assert wireless phone connections even when running over a huge range. Video conferencing permits … Read more
A computer network is a combination of devices (computers and laptops) that are connected together for the purpose of data or resource sharing. The devices use general connection protocols beyond digital interconnections to connect with more devices. The sharing of data can occur through the two feasible ways Physical cable media, such as fiber-optical cable, … Read more
A cursor is a working area where an SQL statement is executed. It is used to process individual rows returned by the database system for a query. There are two types of cursor Implicit cursor: It is a predefined cursor that is associated with DML hence the declaration is not required in this cursor. Some … Read more
PL/SQL stands for procedural Structures query language which is an extension of the structural query language (SQL) and oracle relation database. It is independent of the operating system environment and tightly integrated with SQL. It provides extensive error checking, numerous data types, and a variety of programming structures. It also supports structural programming through the … Read more
Oracle stores the definition of data along with the data. This data definition meant the data about the data i.e. Information about the users, table, columns, concerns, and all objects created in the database. This information is stored in the form of a table which is called a data dictionary. The data dictionary is a … Read more